BY WILLIAM JAMES
William James was
an original thinker in and between the disciplines
of physiology, psychology and philosophy. His twelve-hundred page
masterwork, The Principles of Psychology (1890), is a rich
blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection
that has given us such ideas as "the stream of thought" and the baby's
impression of the world "as one great blooming, buzzing confusion" (PP
462). It contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology, and
influenced generations of thinkers in Europe and America, including
Edmund Husserl, Bertrand
Russell, John Dewey, and Ludwig
Wittgenstein. James studied at Harvard's Lawrence Scientific
School and the School of Medicine, but his writings were from the first
as much philosophical as scientific. "Some Remarks on Spencer's
Notion of Mind as Correspondence" (1878) and "The Sentiment of
Rationality" (1879, 1882) presage his future pragmatism and pluralism,
and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical
theories are reflections of a philosopher's temperament or vision.
His philosophy has three principal aspects—voluntarism, pragmatism, and
“radical empiricism.”
The Columbia
Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Biography.com His vivid style, broad
sympathies, and concern for basic issues have kept him a central figure
in American thought.
The
Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind.
(b. 1842, New York, NY, d. 1910. M.D.,
Harvard University, 1871). James is bet know for The Principles of
Psychology, which is an enormous two volume work that addresses the
full spectrum of psychological phenomena discussed in James’ time,
including brain function, habit, ‘the automaton-theory’, the stream of
thought, the self, attention, association, the perception of time,
memory, sensation, imagination, perception, reasoning, voluntary
movement, instinct, the emotions, will, and hypnotism.
MIND AND BODY:
RENÉ
DESCARTES TO WILLIAM JAMES
William James
was raised in a highly intellectual household: his father
Henry, Sr. was a Swedenborgian theologian, his sister Alice wrote
lengthy, literary diaries, and his brother Henry, Jr. became a renowned
novelist.
William himself studied art and geology before recieving a professional
medical degree from Harvard university, where he taught for thirty-five
years.
EpistemeLinks.com
has a large collection of texts, images, and loads of great links to
additional William James material.
More Information on and
readings from American psychologist and philosopher
Research William
James at the world's largest
online library.
|
|
- A chain is no stronger than its weakest
link,
and life is after all a
chain.
- A great many people think they are
thinking
when
they are merely rearranging their prejudices.
- A man has as many social selves as there
are
individuals who recognize him.
- Acceptance of what has happened is the
first
step to
overcoming the consequences of any misfortune.
- Act as if what you do makes a
difference. It
does.
- Action seems to follow feeling, but
really
action
and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under
the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the
feeling, which is not.
- All natural goods perish. Riches take
wings;
fame is
a breath; love is a cheat; youth and health and pleasure vanish.
- An act has no ethical quality whatever
unless
it be
chosen out of several all equally possible.
- An idea, to be suggestive, must come to
the
individual with the force of revelation.
- As there is no worse lie than a truth
misunderstood
by those who hear it, so reasonable arguments, challenges to
magnanimity, and appeals to sympathy or justice, are folly when we are
dealing with human crocodiles and boa-constrictors.
- Be willing to have it so. Acceptance of
what
has
happened is the first step to overcoming the consequences of any
misfortune.
- Begin to be now what you will be
hereafter.
- Belief creates the actual fact.
- Believe that life is worth living and
your
belief
will help create the fact.
- Common sense and a sense of humor are
the same
thing, moving at different speeds. A sense of humor is just common
sense, dancing.
- Compared to what we ought to be, we are
half
awake.
- Compared to what we ought to be, we are
only
half
awake. We are making use of only a small part of our mental and
physical resources.
- Do every day or two something for no
other
reason
than you would rather not do it, so that when the hour of dire need
draws nigh, it may find you not unnerved and untrained to stand the
test.
- Do something everyday for no other
reason than
you
would rather not do it, so that when the hour of dire need draws nigh,
it may find you not unnerved and untrained to stand the test.
- Every man who possibly can should force
himself to a
holiday of a full month in a year, whether he feels like taking it or
not.
- Everybody should do at least two things
each
day
that he hates to do, just for practice.
- Everyone knows that on any given day
there are
energies slumbering in him which the incitement's of that day do not
call forth. Compared with what we ought to be, we are only half awake.
The human individual usually lives far within his limits.
- Faith means belief in something
concerning
which
doubt is theoretically possible.
- Genius... means little more than the
faculty
of
perceiving in an unhabitual way.
- Great emergencies and crises show us how
much
greater our vital resources are than we had supposed.
- How to gain, how to keep, how to recover
happiness
is in fact for most men at all times the secret motive of all they do,
and of all they are willing to endure.
- Human beings can alter their lives by
altering
their
attitudes of mind.
- I will act as if what I do makes a
difference.
- If any organism fails to fulfill its
potentialities,
it becomes sick.
- If merely 'feeling good' could decide,
drunkenness
would be the supremely valid human experience.
- If the grace of God miraculously
operates, it
probably operates through the subliminal door.
- If you believe that feeling bad or
worrying
long
enough will change a past or future event, then you are residing on
another planet with a different reality system.
- If you want a quality, act as if you
already
had it.
- If you want a trait, act as if you
already
have the
trait.
- In business for yourself, not by
yourself.
- Individuality is founded in feeling; and
the
recesses of feeling, the darker, blinder strata of character, are the
only places in the world in which we catch real fact in the making, and
directly perceive how events happen, and how work is actually done.
- Is life worth living? It all depends on
the
liver.
- It is only by risking our persons from
one
hour to
another that we live at all. And often enough our faith beforehand in
an uncertified result is the only thing that makes the result come true.
- It is our attitude at the beginning of a
difficult
task which, more than anything else, will affect its successful outcome.
- It is well for the world that in most of
us,
by the
age of thirty, the character has set like plaster, and will never
soften again.
- It is wrong always, everywhere, and for
everyone, to
believe anything upon insufficient evidence.
- Knowledge about life is one thing;
effective
occupation of a place in life, with its dynamic currents passing
through your being, is another.
- Man can alter his life by altering his
thinking.
- Most people never run far enough on
their
first wind
to find out they've got a second.
- No matter how full a reservoir of maxims
one
may
possess, and no matter how good one's sentiments may be, if one has not
taken advantage of every concrete opportunity to act, one's character
may remain entirely unaffected for the better.
- Nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal
hanging
on of
an uncompleted task.
-
- Objective evidence and certitude are
doubtless
very
fine ideals to play with, but where on this moonlit and dream-visited
planet are they found?
- One hearty laugh together will bring
enemies
into a
closer communion of heart than hours spent on both sides in inward
wrestling with the mental demon of uncharitable feeling.
- Our errors are surely not such awfully
solemn
things. In a world where we are so certain to incur them in spite of
all our caution, a certain lightness of heart seems healthier than this
excessive nervousness on their behalf.
- Our esteem for facts has not neutralized
in us
all
religiousness. It is itself almost religious. Our scientific temper is
devout.
- Our faith is faith in someone else's
faith,
and in
the greatest matters this is most the case.
- Our normal waking consciousness,
rational
consciousness as we call it, is but one special type of consciousness,
whilst all about it, parted from it by the filmiest of screens, there
lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different.
- Spiritual energy flows in and produces
effects
in
the phenomenal world.
- Success or failure depends more upon
attitude
than
upon capacity successful men act as though they have accomplished or
are enjoying something. Soon it becomes a reality. Act, look, feel
successful, conduct yourself accordingly, and you will be amazed at the
positive results.
- The art of being wise is the art of
knowing
what to
overlook.
- The best argument I know for an immortal
life
is the
existence of a man who deserves one.
- The community stagnates without the
impulse of
the
individual. The impulse dies away without the sympathy of the community.
- The deepest principle in human nature is
the
craving
to be appreciated.
- The essence of genius is to know what to
overlook.
- The exclusive worship of the
bitch-goddess
Success
is our national disease.
- The god whom science recognizes must be
a God
of
universal laws exclusively, a God who does a wholesale, not a retail
business. He cannot accommodate his processes to the convenience of
individuals.
- The great use of life is to spend it for
something
that will outlast it.
- The greatest discovery of my generation
is
that a
human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes.
- The greatest enemy of any one of our
truths
may be
the rest of our truths.
- The greatest use of a life is to spend
it on
something that will outlast it.
- The hell to be endured hereafter, of
which
theology
tells, is no worse than the hell we make for ourselves in this world by
habitually fashioned our characters in the wrong way.
- The ideas gained by men before they are
twenty-five
are practically the only ideas they shall have in their lives.
- The sovereign cure for worry is prayer.
- The sway of alcohol over mankind is
unquestionably
due to its power to stimulate the mystical faculties of human nature,
usually crushed to earth by the cold facts and dry criticisms of the
sober hour.
- The world we see that seems so insane is
the
result
of a belief system that is not working. To perceive the world
differently, we must be willing to change our belief system, let the
past slip away, expand our sense of now, and dissolve the fear in our
minds.
- There is but one cause of human failure.
And
that is
man's lack of faith in his true Self.
- There is no more miserable human being
than
one in
whom nothing is habitual but indecision, and for whom the lighting of
every cigar, the drinking of every cup, the time of rising and going to
bed every day, and the beginning of every bit of work, are subjects of
express volitional deliberation.
- There is only one thing a philosopher
can be
relied
upon to do, and that is to contradict other philosophers.
- This life is worth living, we can say,
since
it is
what we make it.
- To change ones life: Start immediately.
Do it
flamboyantly.
- To spend life for something which
outlasts it.
- To study the abnormal is the best way of
understanding the normal.
- We are all ready to be savage in some
cause.
The
difference between a good man and a bad one is the choice of the cause.
- We are doomed to cling to a life even
while we
find
it unendurable.
- We can act as if there were a God; feel
as if
we
were free; consider Nature as if she were full of special designs; lay
plans as if we were to be immortal; and we find then that these words
do make a genuine difference in our moral life.
- We don't laugh because we're happy -
we're
happy
because we laugh.
- We have grown literally afraid to be
poor. We
despise anyone who elects to be poor in order to simplify and save his
inner life. If he does not join the general scramble and pant with the
money-making street, we deem him spiritless and lacking in ambition.
- We have to live today by what truth we
can get
today
and be ready tomorrow to call it falsehood.
- We never fully grasp the import of any
true
statement until we have a clear notion of what the opposite untrue
statement would be.
- When
you have
to make a choice and don't make
it,
that is in itself a choice.
- Whenever you're in conflict with
someone,
there is
one factor that can make the difference between damaging your
relationship and deepening it. That factor is attitude.
- Where quality is the thing sought after,
the
thing
of supreme quality is cheap, whatever the price one has to pay for it.
- Why should we think upon things that are
lovely?
Because thinking determines life. It is a common habit to blame life
upon the environment. Environment modifies life but does not govern
life. The soul is stronger than its surroundings.
- Wisdom is learning what to overlook.
|
|